Do You Need a Phono Stage? What It Does and When You Actually Need One
A phono stage is one of the most misunderstood components in a hi-fi system. Some amplifiers include one, others do not, and many turntables cannot function properly without it. This guide explains what a phono stage does, when you need one, and how to choose the right option for your system.
What is a phono stage?
A phono stage (also called a phono preamplifier) is a component that prepares the signal from a turntable so it can be used by a standard amplifier or active speakers.
The signal produced by a turntable cartridge is extremely low in level and cannot be connected directly to a normal line-level input without amplification and equalisation.
What does a phono stage actually do?
A phono stage performs two essential functions that no other component in your system provides.
Signal amplification
Turntable cartridges output a very small electrical signal. A phono stage boosts this signal to line level so it can be processed by an amplifier.
RIAA equalisation
Vinyl records are mastered using the RIAA equalisation curve. A phono stage applies the inverse curve during playback, restoring correct tonal balance.
Do all turntables need a phono stage?
Most turntables require a phono stage, but not all.
When you need one
- Your amplifier does not have a dedicated phono input
- Your turntable does not include a built-in phono stage
- You want to upgrade sound quality beyond a basic built-in option
When you might not
- Your amplifier includes a phono input
- Your turntable has a switchable built-in phono stage
Built-in vs external phono stages
Phono stages can be built into amplifiers, built into turntables, or exist as separate external components.
Built-in phono stages
Built-in phono stages are convenient and reduce system complexity. However, they are often designed to a budget and may limit future upgrades.
External phono stages
External phono stages typically offer better performance, lower noise, and greater flexibility, especially when matching different cartridges.
Moving magnet vs moving coil cartridges
Phono stages must be compatible with your cartridge type.
Moving magnet (MM)
MM cartridges are the most common and are supported by nearly all phono stages.
Moving coil (MC)
MC cartridges require significantly more gain and are only supported by dedicated MC or switchable phono stages.
Does a better phono stage improve sound quality?
Yes. The phono stage has a major influence on clarity, noise levels, and tonal balance. A poor phono stage can bottleneck even a high-quality turntable and cartridge.
Common questions about phono stages
Can I plug a turntable into a normal line input?
No. Without a phono stage, the sound will be extremely quiet and thin.
Is a more expensive phono stage always better?
Not necessarily. System matching and cartridge compatibility matter more than price alone.
Do active speakers need a phono stage?
Yes. Unless the speakers include a dedicated phono input, an external phono stage is required.
Final thoughts
A phono stage is not an optional accessory. It is a core requirement for vinyl playback. Understanding what it does and choosing the right type ensures your turntable performs as intended.